Graphs, Plots, and Data Visualization
Axes
`python
axes = Axes(
x_range=[-3, 3, 1], y_range=[-2, 2, 1],
x_length=8, y_length=5,
axis_config={"include_numbers": True, "font_size": 24}
)
axes.set_opacity(0.15) # structural element
x_label = axes.get_x_axis_label(r"x")
`
Plotting
`python
graph = axes.plot(lambda x: x**2, color=BLUE)
graph_label = axes.get_graph_label(graph, label=r"x^2", x_val=2)
area = axes.get_area(graph, x_range=[0, 2], color=BLUE, opacity=0.3)
`
Animated Plotting
`python
self.play(Create(graph), run_time=3) # trace the graph
Moving dot along curve
dot = Dot(color=YELLOW).move_to(axes.c2p(0, 0))
self.play(MoveAlongPath(dot, graph), run_time=3)
Dynamic parameter
tracker = ValueTracker(1)
dynamic = always_redraw(lambda: axes.plot(lambda x: tracker.get_value() x*2, color=BLUE))
self.add(dynamic)
self.play(tracker.animate.set_value(3), run_time=2)
`
Bar Charts
`python
chart = BarChart(
values=[4, 6, 2, 8, 5], bar_names=["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"],
y_range=[0, 10, 2], bar_colors=[RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, PURPLE]
)
self.play(Create(chart), run_time=2)
self.play(chart.animate.change_bar_values([6, 3, 7, 4, 9]))
`
Number Lines
`python
nl = NumberLine(x_range=[0, 10, 1], length=10, include_numbers=True)
pointer = Arrow(nl.n2p(3) + UP * 0.5, nl.n2p(3), color=RED, buff=0)
tracker = ValueTracker(3)
pointer.add_updater(lambda m: m.put_start_and_end_on(
nl.n2p(tracker.get_value()) + UP * 0.5, nl.n2p(tracker.get_value())))
self.play(tracker.animate.set_value(8), run_time=2)
`
Animated Counters
`python
counter = DecimalNumber(0, font_size=72, num_decimal_places=0)
self.play(counter.animate.set_value(1000), run_time=3, rate_func=rush_from)
`
Algorithm Visualization Pattern
`python
values = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 3]
bars = VGroup(*[
Rectangle(width=0.6, height=v * 0.4, color=BLUE, fill_opacity=0.7)
for v in values
]).arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.2, aligned_edge=DOWN).move_to(ORIGIN)
self.play(LaggedStart(*[GrowFromEdge(b, DOWN) for b in bars], lag_ratio=0.1))
Highlight, swap, etc.
`
Data Story Pattern
`python
Before/After comparison
before = BarChart(values=[3, 5, 2], bar_colors=[RED]3).shift(LEFT 3)
after = BarChart(values=[8, 9, 7], bar_colors=[GREEN]3).shift(RIGHT 3)
self.play(Create(before)); self.wait(1)
self.play(Create(after)); self.wait(1)
arrow = Arrow(before.get_right(), after.get_left(), color=YELLOW)
label = Text("+167%", font_size=36, color=YELLOW).next_to(arrow, UP)
self.play(GrowArrow(arrow), Write(label))
`
Graph / DiGraph — Graph Theory Visualization
Built-in graph mobjects with automatic layout:
`python
Undirected graph
g = Graph(
vertices=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
edges=[(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 1), (1, 3)],
layout="spring", # or "circular", "kamada_kawai", "planar", "tree"
labels=True,
vertex_config={"fill_color": PRIMARY},
edge_config={"stroke_color": SUBTLE},
)
self.play(Create(g))
Directed graph
dg = DiGraph(
vertices=["A", "B", "C"],
edges=[("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), ("C", "A")],
layout="circular",
labels=True,
edge_config={("A", "B"): {"stroke_color": RED}},
)
Add/remove vertices and edges dynamically
self.play(g.animate.add_vertices(6, positions={6: RIGHT * 2}))
self.play(g.animate.add_edges((1, 6)))
self.play(g.animate.remove_vertices(3))
`
Layout algorithms: "spring", "circular", "kamada_kawai", "planar", "spectral", "tree" (for rooted trees, specify root=).
ArrowVectorField / StreamLines — Vector Fields
`python
Arrow field: arrows showing direction at each point
field = ArrowVectorField(
lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]), # rotation field
x_range=[-3, 3], y_range=[-3, 3],
colors=[BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW, RED]
)
self.play(Create(field))
StreamLines: flowing particle traces through the field
stream = StreamLines(
lambda pos: np.array([-pos[1], pos[0], 0]),
stroke_width=2, max_anchors_per_line=30
)
self.add(stream)
stream.start_animation(warm_up=True, flow_speed=1.5)
self.wait(3)
stream.end_animation()
`
Use cases: electromagnetic fields, fluid flow, gradient fields, ODE phase portraits.
ComplexPlane / PolarPlane
`python
Complex plane with Re/Im labels
cplane = ComplexPlane().add_coordinates()
dot = Dot(cplane.n2p(2 + 1j), color=YELLOW)
label = Text("2+i", font_size=20).next_to(dot, UR, buff=0.1)
Apply complex function to the plane
self.play(cplane.animate.apply_complex_function(lambda z: z**2), run_time=3)
Polar plane
polar = PolarPlane(radius_max=3).add_coordinates()
`